The State Of California Governing Bodies Essay - 1418 Words

The State of California Governing Bodies The California Postsecondary Education Commission was granted puissant duties and powers in 1974, after replacing the Coordinating Council for Higher Education (Education Commission of the States, 2016). The commission does not serve as a governing board but as an advisory committee to the House of Representatives, governor, and higher education institutions, with matters paramount to education policies (Education Commission of States, 2016). The commission holds the authority to review state public and private higher education institutions financial records, budgets, academic programs and provide recommendations for campus expansions. However, the primary function of the commission is to coordinate practices that prevent redundancy within the education divisions (Education Commission of States, 2016). The focus of the commission is driven by the state’s strategic work plan, for which goals are established targeting institutional area s of concern. Members of the commission constitutes 16 people, 9 in which are selected by the public, 3 appointed by the governor, 3 by the Senate Rules Committee and 3 by the California Assembly speaker (Education Commission of States, 2016). A representative from the University of California Boards of Regents, California State University Board of Trustees, California’s Community College, State Board of Education and California Independent colleges and universities represent the fiveShow MoreRelatedDoes California s Three Strikes Law Against Cruel And Usual Punishment?1034 Words   |  5 PagesDoes California’s three strikes law   defy the law of   the eighth amendment prohibiting the against cruel and usual punishment? In the case of Ewing v. California this question is put to the test when a man is sentence 25 years to life because of the â€Å"three strikes you re out† policy. The defendant Gary Ewing was a multiple offender of several crimes from grand theft auto to drug possession..   On December 9, 1993, Ewing was arrested on the premises of a   apartment complex for trespassing and lyingRead MoreEssay about The Uniqueness Of The American Constitution838 Words   |  4 Pages The Uniqueness of the American Constitution We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. This document, written more than 200 years ago is still the backbone that allows America to be an example of freedom and righteousnessRead MoreThe Uniqueness of the American Constitution858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uniqueness of the American Constitution We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. This document, written more than 200 years ago is still the backbone that allows America to be an example of freedomRead MoreCivil Liability and Private Police Paper844 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia Private Security Laws SEC/350 October 15, 2013 Debbie Travis California Private Security Laws In the state of California the days of hiring anybody to fill security guard vacancies are long gone. No longer are the security professional people those who cannot find employment elsewhere because of legal or educational issues. The Bureau of Security and Investigative Services (BSIS) under the DepartmentRead MoreRelationship Between State and Local Government Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesForms of Local Government The basis for county, city and special district governing and authority are laid out in the State Constitution and Government Code. Counties in California are responsible for providing limited services to unincorporated areas. The state Legislature created the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) in 1963 to control local government fragmentation. The Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) gives counties the power to tax, create special districts and annex unincorporatedRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association824 Words   |  4 Pagesor her name, image, and likeness is used (Johnson, 2012). Since then several states such as California and Indiana have codified the right of publicity concept to use in conjunction with common law. In fact, Keller v Electronic Arts Sports challenged the NCAA exclusive use of student-athletes’ NIL under California code. Right of Publicity for High School Athletes Unlike the NCAA, a corresponding national governing body does not exist for high school athletics. Instead, athletic associations withRead MoreHistory On The Origin Of State Charters Essay2358 Words   |  10 PagesBrief History on the Origin of State Charters in California California has followed the steps of many American states by committing its efforts on ensuring educational developments through improved governance systems. In the last half a decade or so, there have emerged diverse levels of studies in California State majorly because of three reasons which include several legislative practices, institutions, and participation of state agencies. The California Educational Commission was created as earlyRead MoreProfessional Policies And Practice Issues Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesPractice in California In the practice of nursing there are governing bodies that set policies that healthcare professionals have to follow. The legal mandates that regulate nurse practitioners are there for a multitude of reasons, namely, to ensure that proper licensing is acquired, ensure that nurses are practicing at their training and education level, to avoid legal issues, and to include Nurse practitioners as primary care providers among other things (Buppert, 2014). The state laws that governRead MoreWhat Is The Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act860 Words   |  4 PagesInsurance Portability and Accountability Act that was passed by Congress in 1996, Federal law that restricts access to individuals private medical information: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996. . HIPAA does the following: Provides the ability to transfer and continue health insurance coverage for millions of American workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs;Read MoreHuman Systems And Climate Change Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesMorgan California State University, Bakersfield Human Systems and Climate Change For the last decade, climate change has been a controversial topic amongst governing nations. Determining and agreeing upon appropriate courses of action, as well as the decided effects on populations and ecosystems have also long been debated. With little knowledge on the effects climate change might have on the human population, as well as our ability (or inability) to adapt, governing bodies look towards

Death Is All Around Us - 967 Words

Whether we notice it or not, death is all around us – in the dried leaves we step on as we walk down the street, in the cells always being replaced in our bodies, even in the microscopic worm-y things that live on our faces. Technically speaking, everything that’s alive is in the process of dying; death is a certainty, a refuge of inevitability in a world of hesitation. It’s something we all eventually experience. I first began to understand this at the age of ten. I remember the moment pretty clearly, though not as clearly as I’d like: four to six pm, me and my dad sitting on my parents’ bed, myself on my laptop and him watching TV, when my mom came in. â€Å"[Name of classmate]’s dead, she said, and I realized she was crying. A lump in my throat, a block of ice in my stomach, and a tired numbness is most of what I can recall from that point on. My mom clarified that my classmate died via falling, my then-eight-year-old brother came out of his room to ask what all the fuss was about, then preformed an acrobatic pirouette off the handle when he got his answer, my dad did whatever it is that dads do – but to me, that was all background static. I think I nodded my acknowledgement before turning my attention back to the computer, but I’m not completely sure. It was surreal; just a minute ago, the worst of my worries was getting the newest Pokà ©mon movie to not lag. Now†¦ someone I’d gone to school with that day was dead. It was a really weird thing to consider. Honestly, I wasn’t sureShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Death Of Ivan Ilyich1004 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Li Matthew Parks Interregnum XI 10/2/14 Mortality in The Death of Ivan Ilyich It’s no surprise that death would be the central theme in a book called â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilyich. The narrator Leo Tolstoy, in an attempt to exemplify the importance of accepting death approaches the subject in a way that all of us can understand. He starts off the book by introducing Ivan’s closest acquaintances and co-worker Peter Ivanovich, who announces to his fellow associates that Ivan has died. ThoughRead MoreThe Death Of The Funeral1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death of the Funeral Business Rough Draft In the essay â€Å"The Death of the Funeral Business†, the author Sandy Hingston repeatedly illustrates the different roles that technology plays in constructing modern funeral rituals. Over the past years, technology has become such a big part of our daily lives, that now funeral homes are changing rapidly to fit in with all of the technological advances that have been happening to the world around us. I believe that in â€Å"The Death of the Funeral Bussiness†Read MoreDeath Of Our Dear Friend Socrates1254 Words   |  6 Pages Today, we are here to mourn the death of our dear friend Socrates. He was the one of the greatest thinkers of our time. He stuck to his beliefs, regardless to the criticism and judgment from the Greek government. He challenged the fundamental Greek belief systems, and refused to give in to the pressure of the Greeks. Socrates faced death without fear. He welcomed this new chapter in his life. With Socrates death, the question arises: Should we flee from death, or should we face it head on such asRead MoreThe Nature of Death Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesabstract idea of death. Two Hellenistic philosophers Epicurus and Epictetus take very different approaches to prove that death is insignificant and nothing to worry about. Epicurus argues that death is the unequivocal end of our existence, and Epictetus claims it is something that we have no control over. Both examine the nature of death in an attempt to achieve ataraxia or a tranquil state of mind. However, Epicurus and Epictetus fail to address the true emotional nature of death and its impact onRead MoreAnalysis Of 100 Faces Of Death964 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is an inevitable and uncontrollable part of life that can be hard to accept. It can take a lot of time to fully heal from the death of a loved one, but over time, it is normal to accept the full reality of that loss (Good Grief: Healing from the Pain of Loss). In â€Å"100 Faces of Death†, T.C. Boyle sets up the idea that death is unable to be escaped and can happen unexpectedly by telling the stories of all the deaths that the main character has experienced. Boyle describes the main character’sRead MoreEpicurus s Theory Of The Nature Of Human Beings1020 Words   |  5 Pageseverything in life revolves around sensation and how no sensation is experienced once we are dead. His theories are explained in the ‘Letter to Menoeceus’ and he concludes that death has no meaning to those that are alive. In this paper, I will explain how Epicurus’s theories are inconsistent and for the most part he does not fully comprehend the universal laws he refers to throughout his writings. After summarizing the main theories Epicurus has regarding life and death, I will explain how the logicRead MoreThe Farming of Bones: the Symbolic Portrayal of Waters Relation to Death vs. Life1590 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Death is not the greatest loss in life. The greatest loss is what dies inside us while we live.† (Norman Cousins) Death comes to us all, for some it marks the end of a life, for others it reveals the road to a new path in which the soul travels. However it leaves behind a trail of darkness regardless for those who have experienced the loss. Through enduring the death and tragedies of those around us, we are tested by our emotions. The character Amabelle experiences the trauma of death and tragedyRead More Life Or Death Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pages We are all aware of death, and we know it will come to us all. To many of us death brings a chill down our spine ridden with fear, but to others it is ridden with strength and satisfaction of accomplishment. Fortunately or unfortunately we are all condemned to death. However no one knows when exactly the inevitable will approach, but we all know it is inescapable. But what makes death seem more realistic to us and those in denial of it is the lucid pictures of people suffering, in pain and thoseRead MoreOvercoming Death1108 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Death It was a week after Mom and I visited my uncle when we received the call announcing his death. Uncle Lito, my oldest—and favourite—uncle from Dad’s side, had been battling against cancer for almost a year and he had been coping up so well that we all thought he would survive. His passing was a shock for all of us, especially to my father, who was working abroad at the time and was the closest amongst the siblings to Uncle Lito. I remember Dad lamenting over the phone, telling MomRead MoreRepresentations of Death in Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson 819 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† written by Emily Dickinson deals about death. Dickinson does not waste time showing about what this poem is. She lets the reader know from the beginning that it is going to be about death. The title itself seems really alive and active. The way she started with â€Å"Because† shows that the poem gives a clear argument or an answer to a question. Also the rest of the title â€Å"could not stop for death† shows the reader that it does not depend on us when we are going to die

George Can For Refund And Compensation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The George Can For Refund And Compensation? Answer: Introducation As per section 3 of the ACL a consumer is the person who deals with goods worth goods less than $ 40,000 or more than $40,000 provided the same are for consumption/household/domestic/personal purposes. Any violation of the consumer guarantees will gave rise to certain right to the consumer. The basic rights are:(Teacher, 2017) As per section 18 every manufacturer must not indulge in any action which is deceptive and misleading; As per section 29 any act no retailer must make any kind of misleading or financial misrepresentation. As per section 33, any misrepresentation relating to nature of product is prohibited; As per section 54, the goods must be of acceptable quality which includes that they must be safe with no faults and be as per the expectations of the buyer (Grant v Australian Knitting Mills,, 1935); As per section 55, the goods must be fit for the purpose they are purchased for (David Jones v Willis, 1934) As per section 56, the goods sold must be as per the description submitted by the salesman (Beale v Taylor, 1967) If these guarantees are not comply with by the retailer then the remedies are:(ACCC, 2017) Repair if the fault is minor then repair can be sought within reasonable time. If re[air is not done then the consumer can seek replacement or refund. Replacement or Refund if fault is major, that is, the goods does not match the description or sample or does not match the purpose for which the goods are purchased, then the goods can be replaced. Compensation for damages and loss Application Now, the goods that are purchased by George is worth $ 550 which is less than $ 40,000 thus he is the consumer and Hair Help Pty Ltd Studio must comply with the guarantees under the ACL However, there are volition of ACL that is undertaken by Hair Help Pty Ltd, that is: Hair Help Pty Ltd had issues an advertisement for promotion wherein representation are made that are false and misleading, that is, complete hair growth in two months which was false; that the product is Australian whereas the product is of Taiwan; Thus, there is breach of section 29 of ACL: The sales man of Hair Help Pty Ltd has made several representation which such as, that the packet contain 6 bottles which will last 2 months which was false as the packet contain only 3 bottles. Also, that there is complete money back guarantee. These are false representation there by resulting in breach of section 29 of ACL The sales knew that George is relying on his judgment and still he made misleading information, thus, there is violation of section 18 of ACL. That the product is not of acceptable quality and not fit for the purpose supplied. George used the bottle for one month but there is no hair growth. Thus, there breaching section 33, 54, 55 and section 56 of the business law. Thus, since the fault is major thus George can return the goods and seek refund of money. He can also seek compensation for the loss suffered by him. Conclusion Hair Help Pty Ltd is in breach of consumer guarantees and thus George can sue them for refund and compensation References ACCC. (2017). Consumer Gurantee. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/consumer-guarantees Nursing v Taylor (1967). David Jones v Willis (1934). Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, (1935). Teacher, T. L. (2017). The Law Teacher. Retrieved September Management, 2017, from https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/definition-of-merchantable-quality-contract-law-essa

UK Healthcare System in India

Question: Compare and contrast the UK healthcare system in India? Answer: Introduction Healthcare service is one of the essential frameworks, responsible for the wellbeing state of community people in terms of physical, mental and societal prospects. Often government reframes the public policy, make amendments in the existing acts, and focus on existing resources in health care settings to improve the health standard. The objective of these measures is to maintain the healthcare standard that meets the demand of the community. The scope of the present paper is to discuss the variation and similarities of pattern, health economics and reframes that are present in UK and among other countries. Notably, for a simplified and effective comparison, it is necessary to mention some key points, based on which the healthcare system can be compared. Likewise, the key point should be based on critical data that are helpful for analysis. These data should be reflective towards the epidemiology like mortality, morbidity, risk factors, the prevalence rate of infection, cost per prescription, and quality outcome (Siciliani, Moran Borowitz, 2013, pp.292). Other than this, the accessibility of people for primary care, hospital admission rate, waiting time and length of stays in a hospital is also reflective of same issues. In particular the comparison is made with reference to UK and India. The evidences used for the analysis of healthcare system in the present paper is thus collected based on published literatures from la st five years by date. Health outcomes The life-expectancy of people across UK differs significantly. In India, the average life expectancy of male and female is 64.6 and 67.7 respectively, according to health statistics of 2008-10. For UK, the same is 80.4 and 82.6 respectively for male and female. A similar trend is also evidenced with respect to standardized mortality ratio and healthy life expectancy; where the condition is worsen in India compared to UK (Lau, 2012, pp.195). It is noteworthy to mention that the overall health care standard is genuine and optimum in both countries, but population factor is one of the major challenge in this regard. Hence, it can also be concluded that the need is to focus on meeting the demand of health care need as the performance and effectiveness are appropriate, particularly for India compared to UK. Health spending According to health economics, health services in UK have increased the expenditure almost double in the 2010-11 term, compared to 2000-01. The figure of invested revenue increased from 53 to 120 billion. The increased rate of expenditure is attributed to the modernization of facilities with technology, and recruitment of number of healthcare professionals (Greenhalgh, 2013, pp.e125). Opening of new health care organizations, sponsoring conferences, increased concern for competencies of professionals are also included under the expenditure. Comparing the same figures for India, it is 51,417 Crore Rupees (56.12 billion), and that the increase of expenditure in last 10 years is 20%. Note that the overall expenditure of India in 2010-11 is less compared to UK, which is mainly because of less implementation in the work process. Presently, almost in every organizations of UK, electronic health records, telenursing, day care center for elder people is active, for which India lag behind. In india, the population are more in poverty, rural location and at below baseline level of education. Based on the demographic, geographic and behavioral factors, it is concluded that health care delivery is of India is less compared to UK. The reason is also attributed to higher population and presence of cultural diversity in higher proportion for India. The incidence of ills health condition and risk factors with childhood obesity, smoking status, poor socio-economic status and occupational disease is also higher in India (Gupta, 2012, pp.e44098). Overall, based on the statistics, the need for healthcare service is higher for india compared to UK. Cost of resources for health services The average number of general physicians, dentist and medical staff and nurses are the primary criteria for analyzing the cost of resources for health services. Other than this the elements such as protocols, machinery, bed system and associated resources in health institution also account for the same cost. Overall the number of professionals and health organizations are more in number compared to UK. On the contrary, comparing the same number with respect to the population of the nation, it is UK, which dominates. Thus, despite of overall expenditure in India, the quality of service is more accurate in UK (Sinha, 2013, pp.86). Health priorities in every nation vary with time, but some of the critical areas are limited in this regard. The constant are included public health, cancer care and waiting time in hospital. Government administration have allowed for their population to choose and decide the overall budget for their health expenditure in both the nations. The total public spending is comparable for India since 2008-10 (16%), which further increased to 20 % in the year 2010-11 (Balarajan, Selvaraj Subramanian, 2011, pp.505). On the contrary, the expenditure in concern to public spending is almost constant for UK which is 16% from last 10 years (Wallace Kulu, 2014, pp.694). Quality of healthcare services Disease management, patient counseling and patient education and consent are same in both the nation. Likewise, the competency level and the assessment during the recruitment are easier in India compared to UK. There exists challenge to the individual level (for both government and private organization) for India in maintaining appropriate number of professionals to meet the growing health services related demands. The average general physician for UK people is constant since 2008 to 2011 which is more than 80 GPs per 100,000 people. The figure for India is 55.3 GPs per 100,000 people (Steele Cylus, 2012, pp.1; Pramesh, 2014, pp.e223). Similarly, the number of nurses per 100,000 people is 150 in UK and 65 in India. Note that the average taxable income for a general physician in the year 2009-10 is 89,500 in UK and that in India is 60,000 Rupees (654) (Blackman, 2012, pp.49; Pramesh, 2014, pp.e223). Conclusion With the above statistics and figures, it is common to find that the overall expenditure is comparable for India. Note that the complications in conjunction with the help risk in children, adolescent, and elderly people are higher in India compared to that of UK. This is attributed to the larger population of the nation. It is hence despite more investment and more concern towards the policy priority matters, the overall health outcome is less for India, compared to UK. Apart from this, it would be appropriate to state the maintenance of healthcare standards and measures for health restoration are poor in India (Prinja, 2012, pp.e30362). Considering the analysis point of view, other consideration, such as emergency services, mental health status, per capital income, and education are also crucial for determining the healthcare aspect of the community. References: BALARAJAN, Y., SELVARAJ, S., SUBRAMANIAN, S. V. (2011). Health care and equity in India. The Lancet, 377(9764), pp.505-515. BLACKMAN, T., HARRINGTON, B., ELLIOTT, E., GREENE, A., HUNTER, D. J., MARKS, L., ... WILLIAMS, G. (2012). Framing health inequalities for local intervention: comparative case studies. Sociology of health illness, 34(1), pp.49-63. GUPTA, R., DEEDWANIA, P. C., SHARMA, K., GUPTA, A., GUPTHA, S., ACHARI, V., ... GUPTA, R. (2012). Association of educational, occupational and socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians: a cross-sectional study. PloS one, 7(8), pp.e44098. GREENHALGH, T., MORRIS, L., WYATT, J. C., THOMAS, G., GUNNING, K. (2013). Introducing a nationally shared electronic patient record: Case study comparison of Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. International journal of medical informatics, 82(5), pp.e125-e138. LAU, R. S., JOHNSON, S., KAMALANABHAN, T. J. (2012). Healthy life expectancy in the context of population health and ageing in India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 24(1), pp.195-207. PRAMESH, C. S., BADWE, R. A., BORTHAKUR, B. B., CHANDRA, M., RAJ, E. H., KANNAN, T., ... SULLIVAN, R. (2014). Delivery of affordable and equitable cancer care in India. The lancet oncology, 15(6), pp.e223-e233. PRINJA, S., BAHUGUNA, P., PINTO, A. D., SHARMA, A., BHARAJ, G., KUMAR, V., ... KUMAR, R. (2012). The cost of universal health care in India: a model based estimate. PLoS One, 7(1), pp.e30362. SICILIANI, L., MORAN, V., BOROWITZ, M. (2014). Measuring and comparing health care waiting times in OECD countries. Health Policy, 118(3), pp.292-303. SINHA, S., PEACH, G., POLONIECKI, J. D., THOMPSON, M. M., HOLT, P. J. (2013). Studies using English administrative data (Hospital Episode Statistics) to assess health-care outcomessystematic review and recommendations for reporting. The European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), pp.86-92. WALLACE, M., KULU, H. (2014). Migration and Health in England and Scotland: a Study of Migrant Selectivity and Salmon Bias. Population, Space and Place, 20(8), pp.694-708. STEELE, D., CYLUS, J. (2012). United Kingdom (Scotland): health system review. Health systems in transition, 14(9), pp.1-150.

Wine Of Astonishment Essays - Bolo, Bee, , Term Papers

Wine Of Astonishment In Earl Lovelace's book The Wine of Astonishment two main characters arise Bee and Bolo. Bolo's character is a warrior and he directs the people to the path of empowerment by way of the warrior for that is what he knows and who he is. Bee's character is a man of faith, patience, and a man of his people. Bee also chooses a path of empowerment for the people of the village that is defined by his character, he guides the people to the path of faith. The journey in the book has both men put their characters and paths of empowerment to the test. Who succeeds? Patience, a man of faith, and a man of the people are how I describe Bee's charcter in this book. Bee demonstrates his patience when it is tested against Corporal Price. Prince comes to the village to enforce the law against the Spiritual Baptist. Bee decides it is best to practice in the manners of the Catholics and Anglican until he one day starts preaching in the original manner of the Spiritual Baptist. After that vitalizing sermon he continues till Corporal Price raids the church. Bee realizes that for the benefit of his people they, he must wait, be patient till this injustice is lifted to preach again in the Spiritual Baptist way. Bee is truly a man of the people. In the incident when Corporal Prince raids the church Bee's first thoughts were for the people. Bee tells them Brethren, please don't run. Please don't give them the excuse to brutalize you. He knew how the police would act toward the congregation and he wanted to protect his people. Bee puts the people of the villag e first for he is a man of the people. Bee is a man of faith. He puts his faith in the Spirit, and the people to stay strong. In continuing with the occurrence of the raid from Corporal Prince you can see Bee's faith. The faith Bee has for the Spirit and the people when the congregation is walked though the village after being arrested and Bee joins in the hymn started by Sister Isabel which the whole congregation then joins. The hymn goes I never get weary yet, I never get weary yet, Forty long years I work in the field, And I never get weary yet. Saying they have done this a long time now and they have still stayed strong. Here Bee puts his faith in the people and the Spirit together from the uniting of the congregation in the song of the Spirit. Bee is a man of faith, his people, and of patience, with these examples you can understand why I characterize Bee in this manner. The first descriptive words you read about Bolo are rising like a spear out of the back row, with the rest of the congregation, to sing the first hymn was Bolo. With a new kind of toughness about him, a warrior still. I would character Bolo as a warrior defiantly. He is a soldier for his people in this time of oppression. Bolo started as a warrior in the beginning and ended as warrior. When he began as a warrior with stickfighting as the book describes Bolo was in Bonasse, the champion stickfighter, the king, leading the village in battles down the length and breadth of the island. Bolo fought in pride for the warrior inside during those times of stickfighting. Bolo's warrior disposition continued when Corporal Price was transporting the congregation (including Bolo's mother) to the police station for breaking the law of worshiping in the Spiritual Baptist manner. Bolo made a stand for the people he was their soldier willing to fight even being out numbered. The book refers to how Bo lo headbutted Price till he went down. At same time Prince was going down the 9 other police office jumped Bolo. He continued to fight and fight till his head was split open by a police officer. Bolo was a warrior no matter the odds he had to face. The last demonstration of Bolo's warrior character was when he stood on the porch with Primus's 2 girls that he had taken

Overcoming Issues In Survey Research Example

Overcoming Issues In Survey Research Example Overcoming Issues In Survey Research – Coursework Example Overcoming issues in survey research Survey research is imperative when conducting a study dealing with social issues. However, there are many considerations that a researcher needs in order to meet the goals and objectives of the study. Hence, it is critical for the researcher to know the requirements and define strategies for overcoming the weaknesses.One of the weaknesses of the survey research includes the inability of the participants to answer or respond to all the questions asked (Christian, Dillman & Smyth, 2007). Sometimes, participants or respondents fail to answer the questions in the expected manner and do not give the desired answers. It is a challenge experienced with most survey research. However, a researcher can overcome it by probing the participants or interviewees as sometimes they do contradict themselves and do not take a stand on what they believe (Christian, Dillman & Smyth, 2007). In many cases, participants ignore the essential issues required of them, hence leading to unreliability of data collected.Secondly, survey research is characterized by bias, and this interferes with the quality of data collected (Christian, Dillman & Smyth, 2007). In many cases, participants pretend and respond to the question in a way that is not natural. There is much influence since some participants exaggerate their information and others do not disclose what they know. These acts are dangerous for any study since it interferes with validity. For this reason, a researcher has a role of creating a rapport with the participants in order to open up and give the desired information required for the study. Similarly, participants consent is crucial because it makes them overcome privacy challenges.ReferencesChristian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., & Smyth, J. D. (2007). Helping respondents get it right the first time: The influence of words, symbols, and graphics in web surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(1), 113125.

Situated Learning and Social Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Situated Learning and Social Learning - Essay Example He realizes that learning is more effective when done in a group, especially when the learner gets hand-on experience. In the classroom, the student is made to learn abstract things which he may not relate to real life. . The student is presented with cold, uninspiring facts packaged in glossy books, beautiful classrooms and scientific rules. The result is, the student no longer enjoys the poetry he reads nor does any value learning take place from the other classes he attends, except dry jargon and clichs. Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, in their book, "Situated Learning : Legitimate Peripheral Participation," make a strong case for Situated learning with its emphasis on the contextual setting and .social interaction. While people learn things easily and faster under the conditions of legitimate peripheral participation (LPP), it has some major drawbacks such as the model exerting subtle influence on the learners, so that they learn socially unacceptable behaviour like aggression . According to Lave and Wenger. Legitimate peripheral participation (LPP) occurs when the learner begins to move from the periphery of the community to its center. Social interaction is of paramount importance in situated learning, with learners becoming involved in "community practice". Situated learning, according to the authors, is mostly unintentional, as opposed to deliberate learning. We see examples of situated learning in the case of pre-schoolers, who learn to recite nursery rhymes or tell stories, seeing their peers do the same .Situated learning happens when a visitor to a country learns its language entirely by interacting with the local people. Situated learning has other proponents such as Brown, Collins and Duguid (1989) who propose the idea of "cognitive apprenticeship". According to Schoenfeld, mathematical problem solving is also a form of situated learning. As all mathematics teachers know, when the students are encouraged to think of mathematics is everyday life context, they learn better and the mathematical problems are solved faster. Children seem to understand mathematics better when they relate it to real life situations and solve it in a group.(Schoenfeld) A requirement of situated learning is that knowledge should be presented in situations where the knowledge would apply. For instance, in a lesson on friction in physics, the learner would understand the concept better when he or she is made to experience the friction between a nut and bolt when they are not oiled, and when they are oiled. An apprentice nurse would learn how to lift the patient better by doing it in the hospital than by reading about it in the classroom. Similarly, an apprentice mechanic learns how to repair your car by hands on experience A visitor in France would quickly learn French as well as the typical gestures of the French people. Situated learning happens when a child learns its mother tongue easily. The same child finds it difficult to learn a foreign language at school . According to William P. Hanks, situated learning "takes as its focus the relationship between learning and the social situation in which it

Student's Analysis on Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Essay

Student's Analysis on Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company - Essay Example Reconsidering the retail of Goodyear tires by Sears also meant that Goodyear has to review their distribution policy. Goodyear now faces several problems and a few dilemmas. Should we allow Sears to retail our products Should we only license them to market the Eagle brand Which brands, and how many should we allow Sears to carry Distribution through Sears would definitely increase the sales of passenger replacement tires of Goodyear. But what would the repercussions of this be on the company-owned and franchised Goodyear tire dealers How much loss would they incur The replacement tire market is responsible for 70 to 75 percent of tires sold every year. Passenger car tires are 75 percent of annual sales. The average mile driven per vehicle affects the principal demand for this market. Each 100 mile shift in the average number of miles traveled per vehicle there is a result of 1 million unit change in the sales of the replacement car tire market, and this is supposing that a tire has an average treadlife of 25,000 to 30,000 miles. Because of the longer treadlife of new tires, worldwide unit shipments have remarkably decreased. In 1987, a total of 204.8 million tires were sold. Of these, 151.9 were replacement tires. The following year (1988), a total of 209.4 tires were sold and 155.3 million of these were replacement. There was a decline of sales in 1989: only 205.1 million tires in total were sold and 153.8 million were replacement tires. It further declined in 1990 with only 199.5 million tires in total; of these were 152.3 million replacement cars. It did, however, increase the following year (1991) out of the 205.3 million tires sold, 155.4 million were replacement tires (Peterson and Kerin, 2007). Retail Tire Marketing Independent tire dealers normally carry brands of several major manufacturers and some discount-priced private label brands. This is to offer buyers a wide range of choices. It is usually more advantageous for manufacturers to have a broad product line to appeal to different customers with different vehicular requirements, and price affordabilities. Sears, for instance, usually carries manufacturer's brand tires and markets their own private-label tires. Most buyers buy from the retail store that they trust, and only a few really know about which tires are best. Most just follow the advice of the storeowners or salespersons that they usually do business with. For these reasons, Goodyear is considering the offer of Sears to retail their Eagle products. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company The principal activity of the company is to develop, manufacture, market, and distribute tires and rubber products. Goodyear has maintained the leading market-share in the U.S. replacement tire market. This is until Michelin acquired Goodrich Tire Company, the second largest U.S. tire manufacturer in late 1990. 83 percent of Goodyear's corporate sales were composed of tire and tire tubes in 1991. Along with this, the company also owns Kelly-Springfield Tire Company, Lee Tire and Rubber Company, and Delta Tire. And in addition, Goodyear also produces private-label tires. 20 to 25 percent of the world's tire manufacturing industry, and in the U.S. tire industry,

Relationship Between Development Of The Sound System And Overall Motor Essay

Relationship Between Development Of The Sound System And Overall Motor Development In Children - Essay Example This essay stresses that that two children by dissimilar patterns of production of speech sounds throughout an early period of phonological development preserve dissimilarity in production patterns during the developmental period. This paper makes a conclusion that though equally children's articulatory skills appeared to be inside normal limits, as compared by their peers, one was in advance of the further in completing the phonetic inventory. Furthermore, their approaches to the manufacture of polysyllabic words at Time 1 were evocative of their later production skills for incessant speech. Even though these outcomes are not broadly generalizable, they begin to offer evidence for untried hypotheses in the literature concerning the relationship between premature pronunciation processes and afterward pronunciation skill. Several predictions made by this study that may be tested by potential studies are the subsequent: 1. First of all the use of glottal and glide substitute for intervocalic consonants throughout early stages of development may be prognostic of moderately slower development of precise articulatory motion wanted for the production of affricates and no early clusters. 2. Early concluding consonant deletion, glottal, and glide substitute do not come into view to be analytical, necessarily, of a wide-ranging linguistic deficit or a harsh phonological difficulty. 3. No doubt, a premature partiality for assimilation and reduplication processes does not come into view to be prognostic of sluggish phonological learning.

Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species

Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species Alesha Coleman-McCallum Title: Isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth (pre-enrichment), UVM 11 broth (selective enrichment), Palcam and Oxford agars (selective plating) also confirmation using biochemical tests. Objectives: To isolate Listeria species from chicken sample To observe the reaction of listeria on selective medium To confirm the Listeria species using biochemical tests Introduction Listeria is a genus of aerobic parasitic, gram positive rod-shaped bacterium (Define, n.d). This genus has more than 10 species with the commonly encountered being: Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria grayi, Listeria murrayi. Members of this genus are extensively spread in the environment and maybe found in soil, plants, gastrointestinal tract of animal and humans. Listeria monocytogenes species is of great concern because it is pathogenic to humans and causes Listeriosis. Listeriosis is a foodborne illness (Hardy Diagnostics, 1996). Listeria monocytogenes is different from most bacteria since it can grow in the cold, salt, acid and air-tight conditions. The increased demand of ready to eat foods especially in first world countries has the potential of listeriosis more eminent. Pregnant women, older adults, young children and immunocompromised persons are more susceptible to Listeriosis infections. Therefore cooking, pasteurization/applying heating steps to food, avoiding raw meat and milk/ moist or processed food and washing hands regularly may reduce the risk of infections. (FDA, 2004). According to Food Quality Safety USA [4] a dry and clean work environment is crucial in avoiding listeria outbreaks in the food industry. Methods for Identification Methods used in BI208 lab for identification of Listeria were Palcam broth (pre-enrichment) then UVM 11 broth for selective enrichment step, Palcam (selective agent) and Oxford agars (selective and differential agent). For confirmation of species: organism was plated on a blood agar to check for hemolysis. Biochemical test included SIM tube for motility, mannitol, D Xylose and L Rhamnose reactions obtained. Other methods that could be used to identify listeria species are: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Rapid Identification Kits and Serological tests (MFHPB-07, 2012). Results Table showing results obtained from Listeria media reaction Media Observations Reaction Palcam Agar Shiny, smooth, circular, convex colonies. No fermentation No Hydrolsis Oxford Agar Black colour around colonies Esculin Reduction Blood Cream, hilly,glistening colonies No Beta-hemolysis Mannitol Transparent colonies Negative D Xylose Transparent colonies Negative L Rhamnose Light yellow fermentation around colonies Positive SIM Tube Umbrella shaped growth Positive Gram Stain gram positive rods Assuming Listeria monocytogenes control was used: Media Expected Results Palcam Broth Cloudy UVM 11 Cloudy Palcam Agar No fermentation Positive Hydrolysis Oxford Agar Esculin Reduction Blood Beta-hemolysis Mannitol Negative D Xylose Negative L Rhamnose Positive SIM Tube Positive Discussion Listeria innocua was isolated from the chicken sample. Listeria innocua is not usually implicated in food born-illnesses however an isolated death in an elderly patient was reported (Perrin, Bemer and Delamare, 2003). Portions of chicken sample were first placed in pre-enrichment broth in order for stressed cells to become viable and all other bacterial cells to multiply.   Enrichment stage is to partially suppress unwanted organisms and allow listeria to thrive. Oxford agar (OXA) is both selective and differential. The selective properties of OXA agar will not allow gram negative organisms to grow while suppressing most gram positive organisms (Oxoid, n.d). The different property of OXA agar will allow some species of Listeria to be totally inhibited, growth with or without blackened colonies (MFHPB-07, 2012). Palcam agar   utilizes two indicator systems: esculin and mannitol.   Listeria monocytogenes changes esculin to a black complex around colonies but does not ferment mannitol. Therefore some gram positive organisms such as enterococci and staphylococci will ferment mannitol hence can be ruled out as contaminants (Oxoid, n.d). Blood agar was used to determine if the organ ism is beta-hemolytic. Other Biochemical tests were mannitol, D Xylose, L Rhamnose and SIM Tube to differentiate and confirm the species. Since Listeria monocytogenes is pathogenic to humans a 2 Class Sampling Plan would be used to asses if the chicken is fit for consumption. Different species of an organism may exhibit variable characteristics and maybe mistaken. Listeria species were found and should be deemed unacceptable for consumption. Further testing such as PCR which is very specific could be used to conclusively identify the species present. Conclusions Based on the objectives previously outlined, isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth method was very effective. References Define,n.d. Listeria Genus. Retrieved February 22, 2017 from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/listeria Hardy Diagnostics, 1996. Food Borne-illneses Retrieved February 22, 2017 from https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/Listeria.htm FDA, 2004. Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: The Bad Bug Book U.S. FDA/CFSAN. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College park, MD. Food Quality Safety (formerly Food Quality),2007.   Retrieved February 20, 2017 from http://www.foodqualityandsafety.com/article/prevent-and-control-listeria Jay, J.M.,Loessner, M.J. Golden, D. A. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology: Indicator of Food Microbial Quality and Safety, 476-477. United States of America: Springer Science+Business Media LLC . MFHPB-07 Method, November, 2012. The isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species from food and environment samples using Palcam broth. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from  http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/res-rech/analy-meth/microbio/volume2-eng.php Monique Perrin, Michel Bemer and Catherine Delamare, 2003. Fatal Case of Listeria innocua Bacteremia: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oxoid, n.d. Enrichment Media for Listeria. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from  http://www.oxoid.com/uk/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0856org=91c=uklang=EN US Government, n.d. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from https://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/listeria/ Zimbro, M.J., Power D.A., Miller,M.M., Wilson, G.E., Johnson, J.A., (Revised 2009). Difco BBL Manual: Palcam and Oxford Agar, Culture Media for Specific Groups of Microorganisms. United States of America: Becton, Dickinson and Company.

Hate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision Essay -- Hate Crime

Hate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision The American Heritage Dictionary defines hate as intense dislike or animosity. However, defining hate as the basis for a crime is not as easy without possibly jeopardizing constitutional rights in the process. Hate crime laws generally add enhanced punishments to existing statues. A hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a hate crime differently from the way it would be treated under ordinary criminal law. Since the 1980s, the problem of hate crimes has attracted increasing research attention, especially from criminologists and law enforcement personnel who have focused primarily on documenting the prevalence of the problem and formulation criminal justice responses to it. Lawmakers have passed legislation to encourage data collection and attach enhanced penalties to hate crimes at both state and federal levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Americans are assaulted merely because of their real or perceived sexual orientation, gender, or disability, the law should be as tough on their assailants as it currently is tough on criminals who attack based on racial, religious, or ethnic bias. Yet only in rare circumstances can the federal government investigate and prosecute hate violence against gays, lesbians, or bisexuals. Attempts have been made to reach a definition of hate crime, including that it is a crime, most commonly violence, motivated by prejudice, bias or hatred towards a particular group of which the victim is rarely significant to the offender and is most commonly a stranger to him or her. The current law (18 U.S.C. 245) permits federal prosecution of a hate crime only if the crime was motivated by bias based on race, religion, national origin, or color, and the assailant intended to prevent the victim from exercising a "federally protected right" (e.g. voting, attending school, etc.) T his dual requirement substantially limits the potential for federal assistance in investigating or prosecuting hate crimes, even when the crime is particularly heinous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hate crimes demand a priority response because of their special emotional and psychological impact on the victim and the victims’ community. The damage done by hate crimes cannot be measured solely in terms of physical injury or dollars and cents. Hate crimes may effectively intimidate other members of the vi... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Law." Human Rights 22 (1995): 32-33 Dennis, Valerie. MTV remembers Matthew Shepard with 17-hour program on hate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  crimes, University Wire, 01-10-2001 Feingold, Stanley. "Hate Crime Legislation Muzzles Free Speech." The National Law  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal 15 (July 1, 1993): 6, 16 Franke-Folstad, Kim. Denver Rocky Mountain News Staff Writer, HATE-CRIME   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LAWS NOT A BLACK-WHITE ISSUE. Denver Rocky Mountain News, 01-18-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1999, pp 6A Gellman, Susan. "Sticks And Stones." UCLA Law Review 39 (December, 1991):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  333-396 Patrick, Robert F. Cops find hate often has broad definition, The Washington Times, 04-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  02-01, pp C1 R.A.V. v. St. Paul (505 U.S. 377) Texas v. Johnson (491 U.S. 397) The Associated Press, Reno Fights Hate Crimes, Newsday, 01-09-1998, pp A21 The Christian Science Publishing Society 30 Brad Knickerbockers, Staff writing of The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christian Science Monitor, Hate Crimes: Should they receive special attention?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Christian Science Monitor, 06-23-200, pp 22 U.S. v. O'Brien (391 U.S. 367) Wisconsin v. Mitchell (508 U.S. 476) Wooley v. Maynard (430 U.S. 705) W.V. State Board of Education v. Barnette (319 U.S. 624)

The Monster Inside Me

I had everything. Loving family, supportive friends, good grades, degree in ballet†¦ etc. Not much, but there’s no shortage for anything. But life isn’t always perfect, especially when the monster inside you starts to show. I was at the dance studio half an hour earlier before the rehearsal starts. Determined to be the best as I got the first role for the upcoming ballet production â€Å"Swan Lake†. I got all the applause and compliments from all the musical directors and choreographers. Everything was meant to be, I was the brightest star. But life isn’t always fair.The door cracked open as I was doing my last stretching before heading to the stage. The director walked in, along with another girl from the ensemble group. â€Å"Charlotte,† She said. â€Å"She will take the lead role from now on, you’ll be her backup,† the director continued. â€Å"Five minutes on stage. † They went out the door. I was stunned. Everything ha ppened in just a blink of an eye. I worked so hard for this role and everything was meant to be. I couldn’t accept the fact that someone is better than me. Someone that can make the choreographers and directors think for a second thought.I wasn’t satisfied. I went up the stage and argued with the director. Thinking of something that could make him change his decision. â€Å"Your figure is not what we want for the role. † I was beaten by that. Never in my life did someone actually point out my imperfection before. I thought I was perfect. I rushed to the toilet to hide my tears. I am strong, or in the other word, I was afraid to lose. High self-esteem is what I got since the day I was born. I highly believe that I was worth everything because I spent much of my time striving to achieve perfection in every aspect of my life.What I did not realize was that in my desperate need to be perfect, I sacrificed the very body and mind that allowed me to live. I looked at m yself in the mirror. The reflection of mine started to twist. I saw an ugly, worthless and hopeless girl. Her empty eyes weren’t showing anything but angers. Her body began to grow bigger and bigger. She seemed to be the brightest among all, but when the darkness comes, she’s nothing but an empty shell. From that day onwards, my life changed. I was never happy before. Jealousy was what controlling me. I felt very inadequate and unsuccessful.I started to believe that my life was a failure. And what had caused it like this is no doubt but my weight. I had always been an average size. But I was convinced by my inner voice that I was overweight. I found myself involved in a competition again. But this time, I was competing against myself. I started of with a normal diet. Thought I’ll just lose a few pounds and everything will be okay. I was wrong. When the first pound was lost, I was addicted to the numbers on the scales. My mind became obsessed with beating my body at this game. Though I know I’m slowly killing myself, but jealousy was my biggest motivation.I was dying to win my pride back and prove them wrong. I slowly cut back on what I eat each day. With every portion I didn’t finish or meal I skipped, I told myself that I was succeeding, and in turn, I felt good about myself. That was my darkest secret. I still join my family dinner. Just to avoid my family to notice my odd behaviour. But I felt disgusted and useless after every meal. I was then introduced to purging. Purging had sort of changed my life because I could eat what I want and what I had to do is just purge them out afterwards.My parents had no idea that their loving and caring daughter is a total different soul now. Every time I finished meal I will make a beautiful excuse to my room. They had no idea what is happening behind that door. Toilet bowl and icy tiles was what I face every night. My reflection from the mirror is nothing but an empty soul. My eyes were like two empty holes burning in flames. I just want my role back. My inner voice told me that it will be worth it every time. There, I slide two fingers down my throat and began to purge out everything.Not just the food I ate, but every bit of my soul. The monster inside me had taken over everything I had, purging out my original self. My mind was possessed by jealousy, anger and desperation, and I couldn’t help it. I was lost and desperately searching for the light at the end of the tunnel. Even so, I had never gave up my hope on ballet. I lost a lot of weight, losing more that I could have imagined. I just couldn’t control myself, my soul was lost, life was empty and I couldn’t figure out why. But my spirits were high and I was still so motivated and determined to get my role back.I knew I still had to convince the directors that I was the main star. I saw my reflection on the mirror, I saw the beautiful me. One day before the show, I was on the backstage. An xiously waiting for the right time like lion waiting for its prey. There she came, going down the stairs. My eyes were flaming. Jealousy had driven me to my limits, the limits where I could do everything just to get my role back. I have to vanish her. I was possessed by the monster inside me, I ran towards her in light speed and pushed her off the stairs with the last energy I reserved.My heart was racing. She was admitted to the hospital. I have no regrets on what I’ve done. Never in my life that I was so happy by the feeling of winning. But I wasn’t me anymore, the bright and loving girl had completely turned into a devil. The feeling of snatching back of what belongs to me was what pleased me. I was insane. Standing on the stage, the lights were on me. I gave a revengeful smile to the directors and as soon as I finished my last step, I collapsed. Heart attack hits me. The sounds of sirens were apparent and soon after, I noticed a medic trying to resuscitate me.I kne w my time was done, my heart was failing. It was beating weaker. â€Å"Perfection, I finally found it. It was perfect. † I saw my body, it was lying down on the ground like a doll. There were people mourning and weeping. At first, I couldn’t understand why. I saw more and more people, the people whom I recognized came over, filled with unbearable thoughts of sadness and grief. I knew then I was gone, I was no longer a part of this world. I thought I did what I had to do. In the end, I defeated the purpose and paid it with my life. The Monster Inside Me I had everything. Loving family, supportive friends, good grades, degree in ballet†¦ etc. Not much, but there’s no shortage for anything. But life isn’t always perfect, especially when the monster inside you starts to show. I was at the dance studio half an hour earlier before the rehearsal starts. Determined to be the best as I got the first role for the upcoming ballet production â€Å"Swan Lake†. I got all the applause and compliments from all the musical directors and choreographers. Everything was meant to be, I was the brightest star. But life isn’t always fair.The door cracked open as I was doing my last stretching before heading to the stage. The director walked in, along with another girl from the ensemble group. â€Å"Charlotte,† She said. â€Å"She will take the lead role from now on, you’ll be her backup,† the director continued. â€Å"Five minutes on stage. † They went out the door. I was stunned. Everything ha ppened in just a blink of an eye. I worked so hard for this role and everything was meant to be. I couldn’t accept the fact that someone is better than me. Someone that can make the choreographers and directors think for a second thought.I wasn’t satisfied. I went up the stage and argued with the director. Thinking of something that could make him change his decision. â€Å"Your figure is not what we want for the role. † I was beaten by that. Never in my life did someone actually point out my imperfection before. I thought I was perfect. I rushed to the toilet to hide my tears. I am strong, or in the other word, I was afraid to lose. High self-esteem is what I got since the day I was born. I highly believe that I was worth everything because I spent much of my time striving to achieve perfection in every aspect of my life.What I did not realize was that in my desperate need to be perfect, I sacrificed the very body and mind that allowed me to live. I looked at m yself in the mirror. The reflection of mine started to twist. I saw an ugly, worthless and hopeless girl. Her empty eyes weren’t showing anything but angers. Her body began to grow bigger and bigger. She seemed to be the brightest among all, but when the darkness comes, she’s nothing but an empty shell. From that day onwards, my life changed. I was never happy before. Jealousy was what controlling me. I felt very inadequate and unsuccessful.I started to believe that my life was a failure. And what had caused it like this is no doubt but my weight. I had always been an average size. But I was convinced by my inner voice that I was overweight. I found myself involved in a competition again. But this time, I was competing against myself. I started of with a normal diet. Thought I’ll just lose a few pounds and everything will be okay. I was wrong. When the first pound was lost, I was addicted to the numbers on the scales. My mind became obsessed with beating my body at this game. Though I know I’m slowly killing myself, but jealousy was my biggest motivation.I was dying to win my pride back and prove them wrong. I slowly cut back on what I eat each day. With every portion I didn’t finish or meal I skipped, I told myself that I was succeeding, and in turn, I felt good about myself. That was my darkest secret. I still join my family dinner. Just to avoid my family to notice my odd behaviour. But I felt disgusted and useless after every meal. I was then introduced to purging. Purging had sort of changed my life because I could eat what I want and what I had to do is just purge them out afterwards.My parents had no idea that their loving and caring daughter is a total different soul now. Every time I finished meal I will make a beautiful excuse to my room. They had no idea what is happening behind that door. Toilet bowl and icy tiles was what I face every night. My reflection from the mirror is nothing but an empty soul. My eyes were like two empty holes burning in flames. I just want my role back. My inner voice told me that it will be worth it every time. There, I slide two fingers down my throat and began to purge out everything.Not just the food I ate, but every bit of my soul. The monster inside me had taken over everything I had, purging out my original self. My mind was possessed by jealousy, anger and desperation, and I couldn’t help it. I was lost and desperately searching for the light at the end of the tunnel. Even so, I had never gave up my hope on ballet. I lost a lot of weight, losing more that I could have imagined. I just couldn’t control myself, my soul was lost, life was empty and I couldn’t figure out why. But my spirits were high and I was still so motivated and determined to get my role back.I knew I still had to convince the directors that I was the main star. I saw my reflection on the mirror, I saw the beautiful me. One day before the show, I was on the backstage. An xiously waiting for the right time like lion waiting for its prey. There she came, going down the stairs. My eyes were flaming. Jealousy had driven me to my limits, the limits where I could do everything just to get my role back. I have to vanish her. I was possessed by the monster inside me, I ran towards her in light speed and pushed her off the stairs with the last energy I reserved.My heart was racing. She was admitted to the hospital. I have no regrets on what I’ve done. Never in my life that I was so happy by the feeling of winning. But I wasn’t me anymore, the bright and loving girl had completely turned into a devil. The feeling of snatching back of what belongs to me was what pleased me. I was insane. Standing on the stage, the lights were on me. I gave a revengeful smile to the directors and as soon as I finished my last step, I collapsed. Heart attack hits me. The sounds of sirens were apparent and soon after, I noticed a medic trying to resuscitate me.I kne w my time was done, my heart was failing. It was beating weaker. â€Å"Perfection, I finally found it. It was perfect. † I saw my body, it was lying down on the ground like a doll. There were people mourning and weeping. At first, I couldn’t understand why. I saw more and more people, the people whom I recognized came over, filled with unbearable thoughts of sadness and grief. I knew then I was gone, I was no longer a part of this world. I thought I did what I had to do. In the end, I defeated the purpose and paid it with my life.

John Gotti essays

John Gotti essays John Gotti lived in one of those crowded dirty apartment. A young John Gotti seeked an impoverished existence with his parents and eleven sisters and brothers. His father brarely ever worked and when he did only at menial jobs. Also had a problem risking the money that the family did have on gambling. Eventually Gottis dad rasied enough money so the family could move to central Brooklyn, which was known as East New York at the time. Gotti went through alot to get to the top but he made it. Growing up in central brooklyn with nothing to look foward to Gotti seeked out the Cosa Nostra. Gotti was power hungry and needed respect he felt that he could gain them both by being a part of the Cosa Nostra. He started as many young boys did, running errands for the gangsters, molding himself into a young bully with a future. His first major problems with the police occurred when he tried to steal a cement mixer and it fell on his feet this injury affected his future for the rest of his life. He quit school at sixteen and rose to leadership in a local street gang of thieves called the Fulton-Rockaway Boys, named after two streets in their neighborhood. At an early age he exerted his bad temper, dominance and readiness to engage in fistfights. This was just what he needed to develop his potential as Boss of the Moffia. In the mid 1960's, Gotti's boss Carmine Fatico moved his headquarters out to Ozone Park near JFK Airport. Gotti and his brothers, Angelo and Willie became relatively successful hijackers. They were hjacking for about 8 years untill they got caught in 1968 and were in jail untill 1972. When Gotti got out of prison He idmediatly went back to Ozone Park. The headquarters had been renamed on the streets as The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. Two important things happened in his life to significantly lift his status in the Cosa Nostra. The first was that his boss Carmine Fatico faced a loansharking indictment, so Gotti became...

10 Fascinating Facts About Spiders

10 Fascinating Facts About Spiders Spiders: some people love them, some people hate them. Regardless of if youre an arachnophile or an arachnophobe, youll find these 10 facts about spiders fascinating. 1. Spider Bodies Have Two Parts: A Cephalothorax and an Abdomen All spiders, from tarantulas to jumping spiders, share this common trait. The simple eyes, fangs, palps, and legs are all found on the anterior body region, called the cephalothorax. The spinnerets reside on the posterior region, called the abdomen. The unsegmented abdomen attaches to the cephalothorax by means of a narrow pedicel, giving the spider the appearance of having a waist. 2. With the Exception of One Family, All Spiders Are Venomous Spiders use venom to subdue their prey. The venom glands reside near the chelicerae, or fangs, and are connected to the fangs by ducts. When a spider bites its prey, muscles around the venom glands contract, pushing venom through the fangs and into the animal. Most spider venom paralyzes the prey. The spider family Uloboridae is the only known  exception to this rule. Its members do not possess venom glands. 3. All Spiders Are Predators Spiders hunt and capture prey. The majority feed on other insects and other invertebrates, but some of the largest spiders may prey on vertebrates such as birds. The true spiders of the order Araneae comprise the largest group of carnivorous animals on Earth. 4. Spiders Can't Digest Solid Foods Before a spider can eat its prey, it must turn the meal into a liquid form. The spider exudes digestive enzymes from its sucking stomach onto the victims body. Once the enzymes break down the tissues of the prey, it sucks up the liquefied remains, along with the digestive enzymes. The meal then passes to the spiders midgut, where nutrient absorption occurs. 5. All Spiders Produce Silk Not only can all spiders make silk, but they can do so throughout their life cycles. Spiders use silk for many purposes: to capture prey, to protect their offspring, to assist them as they move, for shelter, and to reproduce (more on that in a moment). Not all spiders use silk the same way. 6. Not All Spiders Spin Webs Most people associate spiders with webs, but some spiders dont construct webs at all. Wolf spiders, for example, stalk and overtake their prey, without the aid of a web. Jumping spiders, which have remarkably good eyesight and move quickly, have no need for webs, either. They simply pounce on their prey! 7. Male Spiders Use Modified Appendages Called Pedipalps to Mate Spiders reproduce sexually, but males use an unusual method to transfer their sperm to a mate. The male first prepares a silk bed or web, onto which he deposits sperm. He then draws the sperm into his pedipalps, a pair of appendages near his mouth, and stores the semen in a sperm duct. Once he finds a mate, he inserts his pedipalp into her genital opening and releases his sperm. 8. Males Risk Being Eaten by Their Female Mates Females are typically larger than their male counterparts. A hungry female may consume any invertebrate that comes along, including her suitors. Male spiders sometimes  use courtship rituals to identify themselves as mates and not meals. Jumping spiders, for example, perform elaborate dances from a safe distance and wait for the females approval before approaching. Male orb weavers (and other web-building species) position themselves on the outer edge of the females web, and gently pluck a thread to transmit a vibration. They wait for a sign that the female is receptive before venturing closer. 9. Spiders Use Silk to Protect Their Eggs Female spiders deposit their eggs on a bed of silk, which they prepare just after mating. Once a female produces the eggs, she covers them with more silk. Egg sacs vary greatly, depending on the type of spider. Cobweb spiders make thick, watertight egg sacs, while cellar spiders use a minimum of silk to encase their eggs. Some spiders produce silk that mimics the texture and color of the substrate on which the eggs are laid, effectively camouflaging the offspring. 10. Spiders Don't Move by Muscle Alone Spiders rely on a combination of muscle and hemolymph (blood) pressure to move their legs. Some joints in spider legs lack extensor muscles entirely. By contracting muscles in the cephalothorax, a spider can increase the hemolymph pressure in the legs, and effectively extend their legs at these joints. Jumping spiders jump using a sudden increase in hemolymph pressure that snaps the legs out and launches them into the air.

History of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of the United States - Essay Example His leadership during the Great Depression besides having utter joblessness natives won the confidence of his subjects. This is because he instituted the policy of banks’ closure that persisted for 100 days to shun the incidences of people losing their homes and enterprises. Studies especially those of Zinn contend that the uprising of democratization the fuelling emanated from the diversity in societal strata (Zinn 10-22). This entailed unequal treatment of the blacks and other races that formed the oppressed society by the whites who were the elites. Primarily, this was after the arrival of the Columbus in the N. America prior the importation of servitude meant to work in the plantations and factories. Hence, resulting to human and dignity degradation that prompted the oppressed to seek their emancipation via unions instituted then to relief the people. Oppression entailed low wages and even enslavement especially by the Southerners where even after the declaration regarding servitude abolition some slaveholders were too reluctant to consent. Additionally, the severity of factory oppression, plantations and mines continued to the 20Th C, which was the great awakening of the masses (Zinn 123). They desired equal treatment like the white; claiming the relation amid them was more of deprivation than that of safeguarding human dignity. This was mostly in the last quarter of the 20Th era where its actions almost characterize the Zinn’s argument even to the current. Upon becoming the president, FDR ordered heavily taxing on the wealthy so that the state would relief the underprivileged by gaining their economic stability. This marked the true source of democracy besides other events triggered later by civil rights’ agitators, for illustration, Malcolm X. Steps to full democratization emerged with the Americans and other natives starting to believe in themselves where they sought all possible ways of their emancipation. This entailed mind emanci pation prior resulting to the physical one, especially abolishing segregation that was evident amid the states. America prior the democratization era, it endured severe segregation where the Southerners compared to other citizens could not enjoy similar rights in public like their white counterparts. This yielded to severe and active retaliations by the segregated group, which entailed the use of diverse ways by the civil rights’ leaders. Southerners and numerous people who encountered segregation devised diverse rights’ movements meant to agitate for their privileges. According to Zinn were mainly farm workers who besides facing discrimination their wages were low, until civil activism came to their aid. This entailed even religious-based associations spearheaded by icons like Martin Luther King. His initial debut was during Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) where the incidence lasted for 382 days. The incidence emanated from Rose Parker declining to offer a seat to a whi te man, which brewed uproar that culminated to her arrest. Learning of this, Martin organized nonviolent demonstration where the blacks declined utilizing the public transport, which yielded to immense funds loss especially to the buses’ owners. Since then, Martin continued to advocate for peaceful disobedience to the harsh laws that segregated Negros and offered the

Who Is Pepsis Biggest Competitor Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who Is Pepsis Biggest Competitor - Term Paper Example Their products, which include foods, beverages, and snacks, compete with other products from other manufacturers on the grounds of quality, price and their variety of products and their distribution efficiencies. Their success in marketing their products has largely arisen from their success in promoting their existing products, the effectiveness of their advertisement campaigns, their marketing programs, packaging of their products and their pricing strategies (PepsiCo, p.28). Their success has also been facilitated by their increased efficiencies in their production techniques, their trademark and brand development and their protection within the neighborhood, regional and worldwide markets. The company believes that in order for them to be able to compete effectively, their brands and marketing strategies should be strong. They also believe that their innovations and the quality of their products and their flexible distribution channels will allow their company to remain competiti ve in all the markets they deal with (PepsiCo, p.29). The Company uses the straight-line methodology of calculating their depreciation and amortization. According to the company’s 2008 financial reports, the depreciation and amortization of the tangible assets that they own is carried out on a five-year basis. In addition, the company’s 2011 annual financial reports indicate that their country’s tax laws require them to include their depreciation expenses at periodic intervals of five years (PepsiCo, p.36). The Pepsi Company had authorized 3,600 shares of common stock in the year 2011 according to their annual reports.  

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION - Essay Example Their work has become generally predictable with little or no challenge, especially with the supervisor involving himself at the floor level for telling the workers what to do, and often doing it himself. The workforce needs motivation to get out of its present de-motivated state. Maslow’s theory of motivation with its emphasis on analyzing individual needs and psychological factors will help to find solution. This contrasts with Herzberg’s or McGregor’s theories that place greater importance on situation analysis and management style respectively. Key words: Motivation, Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor, needs, psychological factors, Theory X, Theory Y, Gen Xers, Millennials, relationship, team-spirit. Case Study: Sun-2-Shade - Theories of Motivation Case summary The Sun-2-Shade case reflects the situation whereby workers do not feel motivated in spite of the business flourishing, good pay and a supportive supervisor. The significant descriptive words in the case like boring job, resenting supervisor help and late-coming clearly point to the estrangement between the supervisor and his workers, who are said to be around his age group (Gen Xers and Millennials). There is an absence of team-spirit, no sense of belonging or accepting responsibility for their lackadaisical attitude. One needs to analyze the case in the light of theory of motivation vis-a-vis the supervisor’s approach and characteristics of the age group of the workers/supervisor. Using Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation Maslow’s hierarchical nature of human needs point to what motivates a person at a particular stage of his/her career. For example, people at the bottom of the 7-stage pyramid of the hierarchy value the basic physiological needs more. When the lower stage needs are met, the relevant factors lose their importance as motivators and a higher degree of motivating factors come into play, which are more psychological nature. Thus, as they move up to, f or example, the fourth stage, self-worth and self-esteem become more relevant as ‘needs’ – in other words, motivating factors (Martin and Jumis, 2007, pp.72-75). Significantly, Sun-2-Shade workers seem to be yearning for such recognition having already achieved secure jobs, good pay and working in a progressive/growing company. A word about the interaction of the age factor is relevant. The supervisor and the workers are of the age group – Gen Xers (born 1965-‘76 period) and Millennials (born 1977-‘98 period) (Thielfoldt and Scheef, 2004). Obviously, the age group is a mix of the seniors of the former and juniors of the latter categories. Gen Xers prefer ‘flexibility and freedom’ while Millennials value ‘structured, supportive environment’ but can ‘expect and demand more’ (ibid.). Hence there are subtle differences in the groups of workers and this can point to the solution to the problem. Using Herzberg a nd McGregor theories Herzberg’s two factor motivation theory proposed that hygiene factors have the ability to reduce dissatisfaction while motivators increase job satisfaction (Anon., n.d, online). The hygiene factors like pay and benefits, job security, working conditions, company policies, etc. determine how an individual rates his job/employer against his own expectations. In the process of such assessment, the individual is less concerned about his own credentials and more concerned with what he is getting out of the job. The better the hygiene factors the more the satisfaction level, which then works as the basis for the motivators. The motivators like work content, recognition, promotion etc. help an individual to gain a sense of job satisfaction. Hence, the Herzberg theory supports the view that motivation cannot be achieved if the underlying hygiene factors are ignored. McGregor’

African American-European American Iat Essay Example for Free

African American-European American Iat Essay The version of the IAT, that I chose to take is the African American – European American IAT. There were a few steps in order to complete the test; the first step was to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were related to my age my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice of African American for a picture of a African American or European American for a picture of a European American. The next series of questions asked me to select either African American grouped with â€Å"bad,† or European American with â€Å"good’. Another series of questions was visually posed this time with, African American grouped with good and European American grouped with bad. The results show that data suggests a strong automatic preference for European American’s compared to African Americans. My automatic preference was toward European Americans. The results of this test aren’t very surprising to me. In class we were told how the test would go, so I already knew what to expect. There was a small bit of doubt whether or not the test would indicate a strong preference for one or the other at all though, because I am Hispanic. I would have speculate that based on the fact that I grew up primarily in white suburbia in a private school that almost exclusively consisted of all white students, that my preference is a subconscious choice. I am most familiar with European Americans therefore I chose them over African Americans. There is a distinction between implicit attitudes and explicit attitudes, that distinction is simple. Implicit attitudes are the attitudes that we don’t think about, they are automatic. Explicit attitudes are the attitudes that are consciously controlled. According to Gawronski and Bodenhausen, in the text, Social Psychology,†Our automatic implicit attitudes regarding someone or something often differ from our consciously controlled, explicit attitudes†(p.51). From the results of the IAT that I took, I would have to say that my implicit attitudes towards African Americans, do not match my explicit attitudes about African Americans. The reason that I believe that my implicit attitudes are different from my explicit attitudes is that I usually make a conscious decision to be friendly and welcoming to any person that I come in contact with regardless of gender, race, age, or sexual orientation. The results are mildly surprising, however, I believe that I am more accustomed to being in the company of European Americans, and therefore I show a distinct implicit attitude favoring them. Implicit attitudes are a dangerous thing; we should pay particular attention to how we label people explicitly, so that with time, we can manipulate our unconscious attitudes and impulse reactions to certain people. A good example of problems that people run into with their improper mind set comes to us from our text, Social Psychology. Age is the example Bugental and Hehman used in 2007, when they discovered that people treat the elderly differently than they do people whom are younger, they explain that â€Å"People’s perceptions of the elderly- as generally kind but frail, incompetent, and unproductive- predispose patronizing behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 308). It’s that attitude that people hold about the elderly that according to Bugental and Hehman, â€Å"predispose patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk speech that leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less capably’ (p. 308). It is important that we change our thinking, because if we continue to have the same biases, we not only do our selves a disservice in being implicitly and or explicitly inappropriate in our attitudes, but we also risk the chance of hurting others in our actions. Works Cited Myers, D. C. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Pages 51,308 Psych 312 Extra Credit 10pts 5-8-13 Eli J. Guymon Gender – Career IAT The second test that I took was the gender – career IAT. Before the test began, I was asked to report my beliefs about women versus men in the work force and women versus men in the home life. The second set of questions asked me to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were, what is my age, my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. Following those questions were questions about my family growing up, they wanted to know if I had a mother as a primary care giver, and if she worked outside of the home, specifying what she did for a living, and if there was a secondary caregiver, such as a father or step father, where they employed outside the home, and what their occupation was. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice. The groupings in the first series of visual concepts to match were men’s names with the word men and women’s names with the word women. The next step was to match men with career minded words and women with household related words. Finally in the final sets of matching words the groupings were reversed so that men and household related items were a pair and women with career minded words belonged together. According to the results, data suggested little or no association between male and female with career and family. I did not have a automatic preference. My explicit and implicit attitudes match, I do not consciously nor do I subconscious place anyone in a group that favors either individual in the work place or family. I am not surprised by my results because I was raised in a home where my mother was a primary care giver but I also received care giving from my step father. Both my mother and my step father worked outside of the home. Both my mother and my step father shared responsibilities equally except where one person seemed to enjoy a task more than the other, that partner would assume say a specific domestic role that the other was happy to not have to do. For an example of a domestic role that both of my parents needed to be done but one seemed to favor it over the other, grilling outside, was my step fathers domestic role because my mother did not enjoy doing that work, and my step father rarely did his own laundry, because it was a task that my mother felt comfortable doing by herself.

Garbage Laws :: English Literature Essays

Garbage Laws Garbage Laws, a Narritive Essay The town of Kabawaga, where I live, has some very strict garbage bylaws that were first introduced some ten years ago in an effort to use new recycling guidelines and to save money as authorities at that time stated that the landfills were almost at capacity. And what started out as a conservation measure has now escalated into a stack of â€Å"garbage laws† for our community. The town claimed that it was progressing as each year saw a new bylaw regulating garbage come into effect. Every year more was expected from the taxpayer in abidance to these new bylaws and the town appointed officers to enforce them, who went out and gave out fines to taxpayers not obeying the garbage law. I saw many neighbor get cited for taking their garbage out to the curb too early. The law states that garbage must be taken to curbside after 6:00pm the night before pickup. I suppose that's fine if you have a daytime job. Did anyone at town hall ever hear of shift-workers? The most recent change, just passed last week by town council prohibits putting plastic bottles in a plastic bag. Now all plastic bottles must be taken out to curbside in an open top square plastic recycle box provided by the town for five dollars. Plastic bottles that are not in this box will not be picked up and violators will be fined according to the channel 7 news report I saw. And so, this year we already have another new nonsense bylaw. And why are these laws nonsense? This list explains it: there can be no more than five garbage cans out at one time at any one residence, no cans can be put out to curbside until six p.m. the day before pickup, all garbage must be tightly wrapped in a clear plastic garbage bag, no oil bottle, paint cans, or other chemical bottles are allowed with regular garbage, no sand, concrete, or rocks allowed in garbage, no cardboard allowed except only twice a year at special pickup time, newspapers must be bundled with string only, no tape, and put out separately every second week, and no metal except twice a year. All appliances such as old broken refrigerators, stoves and washers etc. must be called in by appointment. Furniture must also be called in. Wood can’t be longer than four-foot sections and must be bundled with string.

Trinidad and Tobago and Monthly Production Target

Exercise: Chapter 1 Assignment 1 Application 14 Refer to figure 1. 4 on page 12 of your text. Use this figure to rate each of the following scenarios. Record beside each scenario your choice (a, b, c, d) and explain fully your choice. High in effectiveness and high in efficiency high in effectiveness and low in efficiency low in effectiveness and high in efficiency low in effectiveness and low in efficiencyScenario #1 : The Production Manager of Mom's Cookies had a monthly production target of 100,000 bags of cookies. His target for quality inspectors is to have the reject rate less than 2% of production. Both these targets were met for August. Labor costs are up 5% because overtime had to be incurred to complete some orders,Both goals were met but unfortunately labor costs went up. Scenario #2: The reject rate for Mom's Cookies was 8% this month. The normal target is less than 2%.The problem was traced too poorly maintained oven which burnt a number of batches before the problem was rectified. Addition costs were incurred to fix the equipment problem as well as extra costs associated with the Ingredients to make the replacement batches. The company however did make their monthly target of 100,000 bags of cookies. B,The company wasted resources but however they did reach their monthly goals which was 100,000 bag of cookies. Scenario #3: The month end reports for Mom's Cookies have Just been received by the ProductionManager. They show that during the month of September, the company product 101 ,050 bags of cookies. The reject rate was 1%. Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. No breakdown of equipment occurred. A,Goals were achieved no breakdown of the equipment,no wasted resources and high productivity. Scenario #4: to be hired. There was not enough time to train these people and projection levels suffered. Only 95,080 bags of cookies were produced this month. The reject rate was 1. 9%.Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. C,There was no wasted products but goals were not achieved. Scenario #5: Mom's cookies imports their chocolate chips from Trinidad and Tobago. Unfortunately their dollar has increased in value against the Canadian dollar which has driven up chocolate costs by 10%. In addition, gas prices have gone up and the company uses gas ovens and gas heating. This has added another 5% to the company's expenses. The reject rate was 1. 8% and the company produced 100,200 bags of cookies.

Cultural relativism Essay

Cultural relativism is the view that all cultures that is beliefs, customs and ethics are relative the individual within his social context. It simply means what is right or wrong is culture specific because what may be considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another. Therefore, because there is no universal measure to standards of morality in the society, no one has the right to judge the other on what is wrong or right (Martin 1950). According to Kenneth (1981) an anthropologists, no culture is superior to the other, for example you cannot be allowed to condemn a terrorist community or vampires or night runners as evil. Cultural relativism sees nothing inherently wrong or good in any cultural set up. Therefore, viewing one culture as immoral due to their moral beliefs could be seen as ethnocentrism. Cultures are diverse and even those with conflicting moral beliefs should not be viewed in terms of right and wrong or good and bad. We can therefore conclude that cultural relativism is being widely accepted in modern anthropology. Cultural relativism has touched on all aspects of life and computers and information technology has not been spared either. Computer revolution has necessitated the need for future global ethics or information ethics. Computers through information technology and the internet have created a global community. With the creation of global community and therefore giving rise to the need for unification of moral systems or what has been referred to as global ethics. Therefore, unifying ethical rules have to be constructed within a cyberspace that can serve a new global ethic. Cultural relativism has had great influence on computer ethics especially on information technology. The main affected areas are privacy, intellectual property rights and freedom of information. Information ethics could be looked at from cross cultural and inter cultural contexts. In cross cultural context differences exist between moral systems of different cultures which have very important implications for moral attitudes towards uses of information and information technology. In intercultural information ethics context we reflect moral questions regarding information technology and use of information on the basis of different cultural conditions. This should be focused comparative study of moral systems. Its overall aim would be to interpret compare and critically evaluate moral systems in different cultures regarding their moral attitudes and behavior towards information and information technology (Brey 2007). We need to specifically look into these three areas that is privacy, freedom of information and intellectual property rights whose ethics differ is relative especially between western and non western countries. These countries have different policies regarding the ethics governing those three issues due to different moral attitudes on information systems. Privacy of information is well instituted in some countries while in others there are no policies governing privacy. Privacy is an individual right, however such right may not be recognized in countries that belief in collective interests which take priority over individual rights. For example in non western countries like china Japan and Thai have no concept of privacy. So probably privacy laws let alone on information are not enacted (Martin 1950). For instance, what they refer as private sphere in Thai and Japan has different meaning in western countries (David 2006). In china, a word close to privacy is â€Å"yinsi† which means â€Å"shameful secret† and is associated with shameful things. In Japan, they have a word for private, â€Å"watakusi† meaning partial’, secret and selfish (Bao and Xiang 2006). Although these words have started to take the privacy meaning in the recent past due to western influence, the individual rights have not been well implemented in those countries. Japan, china and Thai have only recently implemented privacy laws; however though Thai privacy laws are hardly enacted may be due to western influence. This cannot be narrowed to those countries only, there are many more through out the world who believe in collective recognition due to their cultural beliefs (Brey 2007). Intellectual property rights are another issue characterizing the revolution of computers. This touches on those individuals and companies that develop soft ware and other applications and who feel that there intellectual property should be protected by for example copyrights. In the west the governments are keen on protecting such rights, unlike, taking a case study of china where due to communist rule such property is not protected by the government. To them all means of production like farms and factories are communally owned until very recently. However due to economic reforms and increased interaction with the west they have had to institute IPRs (intellectual property rights) only to harmonize Chinese economic systems with the rest of the world. China is still struggling with this concept up to date. In such countries which have communist culture, piracy cannot be labeled as crime but copyrights and patents are viewed as selfishness (Paul 1955). Freedom of information is another issue that has displayed an aspect of cultural relativism in computers. Freedom of information comprise two principles: freedom of speech which is expressing ones opinion or ideas in speech freely or in writing and secondly freedom of access to information. Freedom to express one self through publication can be viewed as the third principle (Brey 2007). In western countries freedom of information is basically a constitutional and inalienable right to every individual. The government can only be allowed to sensor information in extreme cases like hate speech and information undermining national security. In such countries people post all types of information on the internet and it is upon the parent and other individuals to protect their children from information that should not be accessible to the children especially pornography and bad eating habits (Paul 1955). On the contrary in other non western countries freedom of information is not a guiding principle and there are many practices interfering with freedom of information. This is because of their reserved culture or their religious beliefs. In these countries the internet, databases and libraries are censored especially when they are accused of disseminating â€Å"inappropriate† information to the society. Mass media being government owned, they see it as the right thing to do to protect its citizens and ensure they have access to the â€Å"right† information (Brey 2007). The values of privacy, freedom of information and intellectual property are central in analyzing cultural relativity in computer world and information ethics. In western world information is accessible to everyone and there is respect for individual information ethics and is not concentrated on morality that is the values that are central in western information ethics are not the values central in many non western systems of morality (David 2006). We can immensely conclude that cultural relativism is true for computers through information systems. In conclusion, cultural relativism touches on every aspect of human life and in the recent part it is becoming more widely acceptable. The value systems of different countries influence the way they perceive computer and information ethics. At least two different approaches to morality are found in the world; a virtue centered morality that emphasizes good for the community and are found in traditional cultures like southern and eastern Asia and in Africa, and rights center morality that that stresses value of individual freedom like the west. Despite the modern technology and some expected rules to play along like Christianity, cultural relativism is here to stay and it is really gaining ground despite its challenges. Reference: Bao, X & Xiang, Y. (2006). Ethics and information digitalization: Digitalization and global ethics Journal. (8), 41-47. Brey, P. (2007). Global information ethics and the challenges of cultural relativism. New York: SAGE. David, Wong (2006). A defense of pluralistic relativism. New York: Oxford University Press. Kenneth, E. Goodpaster. (1981). Relativism in ethics. New York: HBS Case Services. Martin, Gardner. (1950). Beyond Cultural Relativism. Ethics Journal, (1):38-45. Paul, F. Schmidt (1955). Some Criticisms of Cultural Relativism. Journal of Philosophy, (25):780-791.